主機板BIOS 嗶聲錯誤提示

主機板 BIOS 嗶聲判讀

  

AWARD BIOS(技嘉、微星大多數為此)

嗶聲狀態	可能問題	嗶聲狀態	可能問題
一短	系統啟動正常	一長三短	鍵盤錯誤
二短	CMOS設定錯誤	一長九短	ROM錯誤
一長一短	DRAM錯誤	不斷長響	DRAM未插好
一長二短	顯示卡或螢幕	不停急響	電源供應

AMI BIOS(華碩似乎較多採用AMI BIOS)

嗶聲狀態	可能問題	嗶聲狀態	可能問題
一短	DRAM刷新錯誤	六短	鍵盤錯誤
二短	DRAM ECC錯誤	八短	顯示卡記憶體錯誤
三短	DRAM檢查失敗	九短	ROM錯誤
五短	CPU錯誤	一長三短	DRAM損壞
一長三短	DRAM損壞	一長八短	顯示卡 或 螢幕

IBM BIOS(很少遇到了)

嗶聲狀態	可能問題	嗶聲狀態	可能問題
無	電源器 主機板損壞	持續短聲	電源供應器或主機板損壞
持續	主機板嚴重損壞	一長一短	主機板有錯誤
短聲	系統自我測試正確	一長二短(三短)	顯示卡錯誤
二短聲	自我測試發現錯誤	三長聲	鍵盤錯誤

PHOENIX BIOS(這個比較亂一點,用到機會應該跟IBM差不多少)

嗶聲	錯誤&描述
1 1 3	CMOS-RAM 的存取
1 1 4	ROM-BIOS 檢查值
1 2 1	可撰寫的計時器晶片 (8253)
1 2 2	直接記憶體存取途徑第 0 號之位址與 / 或計數暫存器
1 2 3	直接記憶體存取"頁暫存器"之讀寫
1 3 1	記憶體恢復
1 3 3	前 64K 記憶體之晶片或資料線
1 3 4	前 64K 記憶體有錯誤：單 / 雙邏輯錯誤
1 4 1	前 64K 記憶體有錯誤：位址匯流排
1 4 2	前 64K 記憶體中發生等位錯誤
1 4 3	安全計時器 (只有在 EISA BIOS 中才有)
1 4 4	非遮蔽中斷 (NMI) 介面的軟體 (只有在 EISA BIOS 中才有)
2 1 1	故障的前 64K 記憶體中之位元 0
2 1 2	故障的前 64K 記憶體中之位元 1
2 1 3	故障的前 64K 記憶體中之位元 2

EFI/UEFI Shell Command

EFI/UEFI Shell Command

Lists the commands supported by the EFI Shell interface on EFI/UEFI.
The EFI Shell is accessible from an nPartition console when the nPartition is in an active state but has not booted an operating system.
For details on these commands, enter help command at the EFI shell prompt.


The following categories of commands are available:
    “Boot Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Configuration Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Device, Driver, and Handle Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Filesystem Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Memory Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Shell Navigation and Other Commands — EFI Shell”.
    “Shell Script Commands / Programming Constructs — EFI Shell”.

Command	Description
Boot Commands — EFI Shell. Commands related to nPartition booting.
autoboot	Set/view autoboot timeout variable.
bcfg	Display/modify the driver/boot configuration.
boottest	Set/view BootTest bits.
dbprofile	Display/modify direct boot profiles for use by lanboot.
lanboot	Boot over the LAN.
reconfigreset	Reset the system (nPartition) for reconfiguration; the nPartition remains inactive, in the shutdown for reconfig state.
reset	Reset the system (nPartition).
search	Connect drivers for bootables devices.
Configuration Commands — EFI Shell. Commands for changing and retrieving system (nPartition) information.
acpiconfig	Set/view ACPI configuration mode.
cellconfig	Deconfigure/reconfigure cells. (Set cell use-on-next-boot values.)
cpuconfig	Deconfigure/reconfigure processors and processor cores..
date	Display the current date or set the date of the system (nPartition).
dimmconfig	Deconfigure/reconfigure memory (DIMMs).
err	Display/change the error level.
errdump	View/clear logs.
fru	View FRU data.
info	Display hardware information.
monarch	Set/view a monarch processor.
palproc	Make a PAL call.
romdrivers	Enable/disable PCI expansion ROM drivers.
rootcell	Set/view preferred root cells. (Set nPartition core cell choices.)
salproc	Make a SAL call.
tftp	Performs TFTP operation to a bootp/DHCP enabled Unix boot server.
time	Display the current time or set the time of the system (nPartition). EFI time is set and presented in GMT (Greenwich mean time).
variable	Save/restore specific EFI variables.
ver	Display the version information.
Device, Driver, and Handle Commands — EFI Shell. Commands for managing devices, drivers, and handles.
baud	View serial port com settings.
connect	Bind a driver to a device.
dblk	Hex dump of BlkIo devices.
devices	Display devices managed by EFI drivers.
devtree	Display tree of devices.
dh	Dump handle info.
disconnect	Disconnect driver(s) from device(s).
drivers	Display list of drivers.
drvcfg	Invoke the Driver Config Protocol.
drvdiag	Invoke the Driver Diagnostics Protocol.
guid	Dump known GUID IDs.
lanaddress	Display MAC address.
load	Load EFI drivers.
map	Map shortname to device path.
openinfo	Display the open protocols for given handle.
pci	Display PCI devices or PCI function configuration space.
reconnect	Reconnect driver(s) from a device.
unload	Unload a protocol image.
Filesystem Commands — EFI Shell. Commands for managing files, directories, and attributes.
attrib	Display/change the attributes of files/directories.
cd	Update/view the current directory.
comp	Compare the contents of two files.
cp	Copy one or more files/directories to another location.
edit	Edit an ASCII or UNICODE file in full screen.
eficompress	Compress infile and write to outfile.
efidecompress	Decompress infile and write to outfile.
hexedit	Edit a file, block device, or memory region using hex.
ls	Display a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
mkdir	Create one or more directories.
mount	Mount a filesystem on a block device.
rm	Delete one or more files/directories.
setsize	Set the size of a file.
touch	Update time of file/directory with current time.
type	Display the contents of a file.
vol	Display volume information of the file system.
Memory Commands — EFI Shell. Commands for listing and managing memory, EFI variables, and NVRAM details.
default	Set the default NVRAM values.
dmem	Dump memory or memory mapped IO.
dmpstore	Display all EFI variables.
memmap	Display the memory map.
mm	Display/modify MEM/IO/PCI.
pdt	View/clear nPartition or cell memory page deallocation table (PDT).
Shell Navigation and Other Commands — EFI Shell. Commands for basic EFI Shell navigation and customization.
alias	Set/get alias settings.
cls	Clear the standard output with an optional background color.
exit	Exit EFI Shell environment.
getmtc	Display current monotonic counter value.
help or ?	Display help.
mode	Display the mode of the console output device.
set	Set/Get environment variable.
xchar	Turn on/off extended character features.
Shell Script Commands / Programming Constructs — EFI Shell. EFI shell-script commands.
echo	Echo message to stdout or toggle script echo.
else	Script-only: Use with IF THEN.
endfor	Script-only: Delimiter for FOR loop construct.
endif	Script-only: Delimiter for IF THEN construct.
for	Script-only: Loop construct.
goto	Script-only: Jump to label location in script.
if	Script-only: IF THEN construct.
input	Take user input and place in EFI variable.
pause	Script-only: Prompt to quit or continue.
stall	Stall the processor for some microseconds.

Resets the system.

RESET [-w [string]]
RESET [-s [string]]

    -w       - Performs a warm reset
    -s       - Performs a shutdown
    string   - String to be passed to reset service

Note:
   1. Not all systems support the '-w' option.
   2. Reset will be guaranteed to reset the chipset as well as the processor
      when cold reset is called.
   3. This command does not support output redirection.

判別Linux安裝於EFI Mode或是Legacy Mode?

請用“df –a”指令可以查出SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 是不是裝於EFI Mode

RPM Command

一、基本安裝
rpm -ivh 軟體套件名稱
i 是 install，v(verbose)是顯示，h 是進度以一串 ########### 來表示
二、基本安裝的問題
(1)該軟體已安裝過
rpm -ivh 套件名稱
套件名稱 is already installed..
如果要重新安裝可用--force 指令：
--force 表示強行置換

rpm -ivh --force 套件名稱

(2)沒有相依的套件
rpm -ivh php-imap.x.rpm
failed dependencies:imap is needed by php-imap
如果不管軟體的相依性，可用--nodeps指令強制安裝

rpm -ivh --nodeps php-ldap*.rpm

三、移除套件

rpm -e 套件名稱

四、升級套件

rpm -Uvh 套件名稱

U是upgrade, 表示會把舊的軟體移除再安裝新的，所以不管有沒有安裝過都可以使用rpm -Uvh來安裝軟體
五、更新套件
 rpm -Fvh 套件名稱
-F 選項有個特性：只有已經安裝過的套件才會更新，這點和 rpm -Uvh 中的 U 升級是不同的，因此極適合拿來大量修補套件之用。
六、查詢
rpm -qa | grep mesa
rpm -ql apache
a 是 all，q 是 query 查詢已安裝的套件，grep 是搜尋符合的字串
l 是列出的意思(list)
rpm -qf /usr/bin/neat
查詢 neat 這個指令是從那一個 rpm 套件安裝的。


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Ubuntu/Debian dpkg search command
dpkg -l | grep libgl

Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V Wake On Lan Windows 10 failed

you need to untick the option "Turn on fast startup" in 

Control Panel\Hardware and Sound\Power Options 

(accessible via "Power and Sleep". See picture below as well.

After this, WOL worked fine!

Windows 10 ver 1709 set:

PnPUtil Command Syntax

Pnputil

適用於: Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista,2012,10,2016

Pnputil.exe is a command line utility that you can use to manage the driver store. You can use Pnputil to add driver packages, remove driver packages, and list driver packages that are in the store.

Syntax

pnputil.exe [-f | -i] [ -? | -a | -d | -e ] <INF name>

Parameters

 

-a	Specifies to add the identified INF file.
-d	Specifies to delete the identified INF file.
-e	Specifies to enumerate all third-party INF files.
-f	Specifies to force the deletion of the identified INF file. Cannot be used in conjunction with the –iparameter.
-i	Specifies to install the identified INF file. Cannot be used in conjunction with the -f parameter.
/?	Displays help at the command prompt.

Remarks

Examples

• pnputil.exe -a a:\usbcam\USBCAM.INF Adds the INF file that is specified by USBCAM.INF
  
• pnputil.exe -a c:\drivers\*.inf Adds all INF files in c:\drivers\
  
• pnputil.exe -i -a a:\usbcam\USBCAM.INFAdds and installs the specified driver.
  
• pnputil.exe –e Enumerates all third-party drivers.
  
• pnputil.exe -d oem0.inf Deletes the specified.
  
• pnputil.exe -f -d oem0.inf Forces the deletion of the specified INF file.

How to Startup Your Project or folder in Windows 2012 & 2016

In Windows Server 2008 R2, to define an application to be startup automatically for current user, one common way is to create an application shortcut and add it to startup folder. In Windows Server 2012,2016 you might find you can’t find this startup folder any more. 

Here is the steps to find startup folder in Windows Server 2012.

1. WinKey + C to open the charms bar
2. Click “Search”
3. Enter shell:startup and click on the first result returned.